It is estimated that 1 out of every 10 babies and young children suffer from atopic dermatitis (AD). This common and chronic inflammatory skin condition may lead to sleep disturbances and reduced quality of life.
It is characterized by inflammation and itching of the skin, which can often lead parents to feel overwhelmed and unsure of what steps to take for their child’s comfort.
Let’s explore atopic dermatitis, its symptoms, and when it may be necessary to seek medical treatment for your little one’s well-being.
What is Atopic Dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-term (chronic) condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, and inflamed. It most often appears in the folds of the elbows, the backs of the knees, on the face, neck, and wrists.
The exact cause of atopic dermatitis isn’t known, but the condition seems to result from a combination of a malfunction in the skin barrier, a malfunction in the immune system, and environmental triggers.
Common triggers include:
- Irritants: Particularly those found in soaps and detergents.
- Allergens: Substances that cause the body’s defense system (immune system) to overreact.
- Environmental Factors: Such as hot or cold temperatures, high and low humidity, and sweating.
- Food Allergens: Although not as common a trigger compared to the other factors, food allergies can worsen atopic dermatitis symptoms in some children.
Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis manifests through a variety of symptoms, affecting individuals differently. These symptoms can occur anywhere on the body, and their severity and appearance can vary greatly from person to person.
Here’s an in-depth look at the typical symptoms of atopic dermatitis:
Dry, Cracked Skin
One of the most prevalent symptoms of atopic dermatitis is extremely dry skin. This dryness can lead to cracking, which not only causes discomfort but also makes the skin more susceptible to infection.
Itchiness (Pruritus)
Itchiness, or pruritus, is a hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis and can range from mild to severe, often worsening at night. The relentless itch can significantly impact sleep quality and daily activities, leading to a vicious cycle of scratching that further irritates the skin.
Rash on Swollen Skin
Individuals with atopic dermatitis frequently experience rashes on various parts of the body. These rashes can appear on swollen, inflamed skin and may vary in color depending on one’s skin color.
On lighter skin, rashes might appear red or pink, whereas on darker skin tones, they may look brown, purple, or gray.
Small, Raised Bumps
Small, raised bumps on brown or black skin are a common symptom of atopic dermatitis. These bumps may merge together to form larger areas of raised skin or remain as individual spots scattered across the body.
Scratching these bumps can lead to oozing and crusting, creating an entry point for infections.
Oozing and Crusting
When the aforementioned bumps are scratched, they can open and ooze, leading to crusting over the affected areas. This symptom is particularly concerning as it increases the risk of infection, requiring careful wound care and sometimes medical intervention to prevent complications.
Thickened Skin
Chronic scratching and rubbing of itchy areas can result in lichenification or thickened skin. This thickened skin has a leathery texture and is a sign of long-term damage from atopic dermatitis.
Darkening of the Skin around the Eyes
Atopic dermatitis can cause darkening of the skin around the eyes due to chronic inflammation and rubbing. This symptom can be especially noticeable in people with lighter skin tones and can contribute to cosmetic concerns and discomfort.
Raw, Sensitive Skin from Scratching
Prolonged scratching can leave the skin raw and highly sensitive. This damaged skin barrier is more vulnerable to irritants, allergens, and infections, making management of the condition more challenging.
When to Seek Treatment
Understanding when to seek treatment for atopic dermatitis is key to managing the condition effectively. Here are several indicators that it’s time to consult a pediatric dermatology provider:
When Over-the-Counter Treatments Aren’t Effective
If you’ve been applying moisturizers and over-the-counter hydrocortisone with no or minimal relief, it’s time to consult a pediatric dermatology specialist.
When the Rash Affects the Whole Body
If the rash spreads beyond the usual areas, such as the face, neck, or around the eyes, it could indicate a more severe flare-up that needs professional care.
If the Itch Interferes with Sleep or Daily Life
Chronic sleep disruptions can lead to a range of health issues. The impact on a child’s mental and physical development is significant, so it’s crucial to address the itch if it’s affecting daily life.
Worsening Symptoms
The rapid deterioration in rash appearance, increasing intensity of itch, or symptoms that seem to worsen quickly may require prompt medical attention to prevent complications.
Skin Infections
If the rash shows signs of infection, such as redness, pus, increasing pain, or a fever, it’s a tell-tale sign that it’s time to see a healthcare professional right away.
Atopic Dermatitis Treatments
While there’s no cure for this skin condition, various treatments can help control symptoms, reduce inflammation, and relieve itching. Atopic dermatitis treatment plans often involve a combination of strategies tailored to individual needs:
Topical Treatments
These include corticosteroid creams, ointments, and lotions to relieve inflammation and itching. Other topical treatments like calcineurin inhibitors focus on regulating the immune response.
Oral and Injected Medications
For severe cases, dermatology specialists may prescribe oral medications to fight infection or control the immune system. Biologic drugs, administered through injection, target specific areas of the immune system.
Therapies
Light therapy (phototherapy) involving exposure to ultraviolet light under medical supervision can help treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis.
Atopic Dermatitis Treatment in Pheonix, AZ
Atopic dermatitis can be a challenging condition, but understanding its symptoms and when to seek treatment can make a significant difference in managing it.
If you or a loved one are experiencing signs of atopic dermatitis, don’t hesitate to reach out to our pediatric dermatology specialist at Happy Skin Pediatric Dermatology. Our highly experienced pediatric dermatology specialist can comprehensively evaluate your child’s skin and guide you toward the best treatment plan for your child’s unique situation.
To learn more about atopic dermatitis symptoms or treatments, call us today at (602) 837-3376. You can also schedule your visit by filling in our online appointment request form. We look forward to serving you!
